Tuesday, December 8, 2009

What is Test Plan and how to create a Test Plan document?



A software project test plan is a document that describes the objectives, scope, approach, and focus of a software testing effort. The process of preparing a test plan is a useful way to think through the efforts needed to validate the acceptability of a software product. The completed document will help people outside the test group understand the 'why' and 'how' of product validation. It should be thorough enough to be useful but not so thorough that no one outside the test group will read it.

A test plan states what the items to be tested are, at what level they will be tested, what sequence they are to be tested in, how the test strategy will be applied to the testing of each item, and describes the test environment.
A test plan should ideally be organization wide, being applicable to all of organizations software developments.

The objective of each test plan is to provide a plan for verification, by testing the software, the software produced fulfils the functional or design statements of the appropriate software specification. In the case of acceptance testing and system testing, this generally means the Functional Specification.

The first consideration when preparing the Test Plan is who the intended audience is – i.e. the audience for a Unit Test Plan would be different, and thus the content would have to be adjusted accordingly.

You should begin the test plan as soon as possible. Generally it is desirable to begin the master test plan as the same time the Requirements documents and the Project Plan are being developed. Test planning can (and should) have an impact on the Project Plan. Even though plans that are written early will have to be changed during the course of the development and testing, but that is important, because it records the progress of the testing and helps planners become more proficient
Based on the above information, we can say that a test plan document can have all or few of the following contents based on the requirements:

 Title
 Identification of software including version/release numbers
 Revision history of document including authors, dates, approvals
 Table of Contents
 Purpose of document, intended audience
 Objective of testing effort
 Software product overview
 Relevant related document list, such as requirements, design documents, other test plans, etc.
 Relevant standards or legal requirements
 Traceability requirements
 Relevant naming conventions and identifier conventions
 Overall software project organization and personnel/contact-info/responsibilties
 Test organization and personnel/contact-info/responsibilities
 Assumptions and dependencies
 Project risk analysis
 Testing priorities and focus
 Scope and limitations of testing
 Test outline - a decomposition of the test approach by test type, feature, functionality, process, system, module, etc. as applicable
 Outline of data input equivalence classes, boundary value analysis, error classes
 Test environment - hardware, operating systems, other required software, data configurations, interfaces to other systems
 Test environment validity analysis - differences between the test and production systems and their impact on test validity.
 Test environment setup and configuration issues
 Software migration processes
 Software CM processes
 Test data setup requirements
 Database setup requirements
 Outline of system-logging/error-logging/other capabilities, and tools such as screen capture software, that will be used to help describe and report bugs
 Discussion of any specialized software or hardware tools that will be used by testers to help track the cause or source of bugs
 Test automation - justification and overview
 Test tools to be used, including versions, patches, etc.
 Test script/test code maintenance processes and version control
 Problem tracking and resolution - tools and processes
 Project test metrics to be used
 Reporting requirements and testing deliverables
 Software entrance and exit criteria
 Initial sanity testing period and criteria
 Test suspension and restart criteria
 Personnel allocation
 Personnel pre-training needs
 Test site/location
 Outside test organizations to be utilized and their purpose, responsibilties, deliverables, contact persons, and coordination issues
 Relevant proprietary, classified, security, and licensing issues.
 Open issues
 Appendix - glossary, acronyms, etc.

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